The eight maps that accompany this piece trace the most recent inter-state migration patterns and what they imply for the regional economic trajectories that depend on the underlying population movements. The patterns are clearer at the visual level than the underlying data tables produce on their own.

Map one

The first map shows net migration by state for the most recent year. The continued out-migration from California, New York, and Illinois is the headline pattern; the inflow into Texas, Florida, and the Mountain West states is the corresponding pattern.

Map two

The second map breaks the inter-state pattern down to the metro level. The pattern is more nuanced than the state-level picture suggests. Some metros within the net-out-migration states are still gaining population; some metros within the net-in-migration states are seeing slower growth than the state average.

Map three

The third map layers in the demographic composition of the moves. The moves are not demographically uniform. Specific cohorts — mid-career professionals with families, retirees, certain remote-work-eligible categories — account for substantial shares of the moves and produce different effects on receiving and sending economies.

Map four

The fourth map shows the housing-supply response in the receiving metros. The metros that have permitted the most construction in response to the in-migration have produced more sustainable price patterns than the metros where the supply response has lagged.

Map five

The fifth map traces the tax-base implications of the migration patterns. The states that have lost population have, on aggregate, lost a disproportionate share of high-earning households; the fiscal consequences of the loss are real and are showing up in state-level revenue data.

Map six

The sixth map shows the labour-market consequences in the receiving metros. The arriving population has, in most cases, produced labour-supply expansions that exceed the corresponding labour-demand growth; wage pressures in the receiving metros have moderated as a result.

Map seven

The seventh map maps the political-representation implications. The migration patterns are producing the kind of geographic redistribution that affects congressional apportionment, electoral-college dynamics, and state-legislative composition across the next decade.

Map eight

The eighth map looks at the sub-state geography of the moves. Within both sending and receiving states, the moves are concentrated in defined geographic patterns that the broader state-level data obscures.

What the maps together show

What the maps together show is that contemporary American migration is producing geographic redistribution at a pace that the broader political and economic frameworks have not fully adjusted to. The redistribution will continue. The frameworks will, eventually, adjust.